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- Drainage of India –
- 90% of land water drains into Bay of Bengal.
- Antecedent rivers – Indus, Brahmaputra and Sutlej.
- Kosi is also known as the sorrow of Bihar.
- Damodar is also known as the sorrow of Bengal.
- Himalayan rivers systems –
- Indus system. (Sindhu)
- One of the largest river basin of the world.
- Glacier near Bokhar chee in the Tibetan region near mansarover lake.
- Known as Singi Khambar or Lions mouth in Tibet.
- Ganga system.
- Second major drainage system of India.
- Emerges from Gangotri glacier near Gomukh. (3900 m)
- Bhagirathi and Alaknanda meet to be termed as Ganga at the Devprayag.
- Alaknanda originates from satopanth glacier above Badrinath.
- Alaknanda consists of the Dhauli ganga and the Vishnu ganga, which meets at the Joshimath or Vishnu prayag.
- Pinder joins Alaknanda at Karna prayag.
- Mandakini and kali ganga joins Alaknanda at Rudra prayag.
- Sunderbans the biggest delta is formed by the ganges.
- Brahmaputra system.
- One of the largest rivers of the world.
- Called as –
- Dihang / Sing in Arunchal Pradesh.
- And Jamuna in Bangladesh.
- Majuli is the largest river-island of the world.
- Peninsular river system.
- Are older than Himalayan one.
- Their large numbers are seasonal rivers.
- Almost all the rivers forms delta at their mouth except Narmada and Tapi, as they form estuaries and flows west (swift flow and steep slope).
- Drainage basins of the peninsular rivers are comparatively smaller in size.
- The climate if India.
- Tropical monsoon type of climate.
- Himalayas block the cold masses from central asia.
- Tropic of cancer (23.50 N) divides India into two almost equal climate zones, namely the Northern zone (sub-tropical) and southern zone (tropical).
- The warm temperature or the sub-tropical climate gives it cold winter seasons and hot summer seasons.
- Southern zone has sun almost vertically overhead at least twice every year.
- Himalayan range protects india from bitterly cold and dry winds from central asia.
- Heating of interior part during summer attracts monsoon winds and cause monsoon rainfall.
- In winter western disturbance cause snowfall in mountains and rainfall in plains.
- Indian Metrological department has recognized the following four distinct seasons –
- The cold season or the winter season.
- The hot weather season or the summer season.
- The south-west monsoon season or the rainy season.
- The season of retreating monsoon or the cool season.
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