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- Census 2011 –
- Was the 15th national census.
- All states and UT’s showed increase in literacy rates during 2001-2011.
- India has second largest population of older people (60+).
- Till 2026 older persons to be about 173 million.
- Top 5 states in sex ratio. (0-6 age group)
- Mizoram > Meghalaya > Andaman and Nicobar > Pondicherry > Chhattisgarh.
- Top 5 states with maximum population.
- Uttar Pradesh > Maharashtra > Bihar > West Bengal > Andhra Pradesh.
- Top 5 states with minimum population.
- Goa < Sikkim < Tripura < Nagaland < Mizoram.
- Top 5 states with highest literacy.
- Kerala > Mizoram > Goa > Tripura > Himachal Pradesh.
- UIDAI (unique identification authority of India) –
- In this a 12 digits number is linked with basic biometric information of the person including photograph, iris and the finger prints.
- Inclusive development –
- Participative type of development and empowers every individual.
- Its elements are –
- Poverty reduction and increase in quality and quantity of employment.
- Agricultural development.
- Reduction in regional disparities.
- Social sector development.
- And protecting the environment.
- Human development report –
- First published by United Nations development programme (UNDP) in 1990.
- Human development report (HDR) concept was started by Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-haq and Amartya sen.
- Human development index (HDI) is an equiweighted average of –
- Life expectancy index (LEI). (at birth)
- Educational attainment index (EAI) –
- EAI = 0.66 x ALR (adult literacy rate) + 0.33 x CER (combined enrollment ratio)
- Standard of living index (SLI). (concept of purchasing power parity)
- HDI = 0.33 x (LEI + EAI + SLI)
- HDI has four categories –
- Very high human development.
- Medium human development. (India, China, Sri Lanka, etc.)
- Low human development. (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, etc.)
- Rural poverty –
- Rangrajan panel report (2014) –
- States that are (3/10) poor.
- Dismissed Tendulkar committee suggestions on determining poverty line.
- States that 29.14% are poor.
- Some efforts by government to eradicate rural poverty are –
- Legal elimination of bonded labors.
- Antyodaya plan.
- Small farmers development programme. (SFDF)
- Twenty point programme.
- Food for work programme.
- Minimum needs programme. (MNP)
- Integrated rural development programme. (IRDP)
- National rural employment programme. (NREP)
- Indra rural awas yogna. (IAY)
- Prime minister rojgar yogna. (PMRY)
- Desert development programme. (DDP)
- Drought prone area development programme. (DPAP)
- Urban poverty –
- Pace of urbanization is set to increase and with it urban poverty and urban slums are also expected to increase.
- Some efforts by government to eradicate urban poverty are –
- Emphasis on vocational education.
- Nehru rojgar yogna. (NRY)
- Self employment programmee for urban poor. (SEPUP)
- Financial assistance for constructing houses.
- Self employment to the educated urban youth programmee. (SEEUY)
- Prime minister rojgar yojna. (PMRY)
- National social assistance programmee. (NSAP)
- And urban basic services for the poor. (UBSP)
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