Associated with glacial regions. (areas glaciated in past)
Forms cirque.
Example: Along the slopes of Adirondack mountain (from the last ice age), along European Alps (recent glaciations) etc.
Rift Valley Lake.
Occurs in areas where rocks are pulling apart.
Example: Nyasa (The rift valley which cuts through Asia and Africa, contains the largest group of such lakes) etc.
Crater Lake.
Forms at a volcanic peak, when an extinct volcano collapses.
Example: Lake of Oregon.
Deflation Lake.
Usually occurs in deserts.
Wind blows out depressions in the sand creating Oasis.
Oxbow Lake.
Formed by curved river meander that was cut off by sediments or other means, creating a bowed shaped lake.
Example: at Mississippi river.
Artificial Lake.
Damming of a river.
Fluvial landforms –
Feature resulting from the movement of water on the earth surface. The two types of landforms made are:
Erosion landforms.
Example: U shaped valley, Potholes, Meanders, River terraces, Plunge pools etc.
Depositional landforms.
Example: Alluvial plains, Deltas, Flood plains, Natural levees, Point bars etc.
Karst landforms –
Any limestone or dolomite region showing typical landforms produced by the action of ground water, through the process of solution and deposition. The two types of landforms made are:
Erosion landforms.
Example: Pools, Sinkholes, Lapis and Limestone pavement, Caves etc.
Depositional landforms.
Example: Stalactites, Stalagmites, Pillars etc.
Glaciers –
Mass of ice moving at a speed of approx. 15 to 18 m per day.
Formed at high altitude due to too low temperature and high aerographic precipitation.
Glaciers moves basically due to force of gravity.
Generally two types of landforms are made by glaciers:
Erosion landforms.
Example: Cirque / Corrie, U shaped valley, Horns, Glacial troughs, Hanging valley etc.
Depositional landforms.
Example: Moraines, Eskers, Outwash plains, Drumlins etc.
Coastal landforms –
Formed through sea waves, aided by current tides and storms in coastal areas.
Coastal processes are the most dynamic and destructive.
The two types of landforms made by sea and oceanic waves are:
Erosion landforms.
Example: Cliffs, Terraces, Caves, Stacks etc.
Depositional landforms.
Example: Beaches, Dunes, Bars, Barriers, Splits etc.
Aeolian Landforms –
Regions where erosion and deposition by wind are dominant geomorphic forces in shaping the landforms.
Are formed in hot deserts, coastal zones and fields.
The two types of Aeolian landforms are:
Erosion landforms.
Example: Pediments, Pedi plains, Playas, Deflation hallows, Cave mushroom rock, Table rock, Pedestal rocks etc.