Polity; Article 301-392, UPSC and Emergency provisions

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  • Part 13 (article 301 to 307) – relates to the trade, commerce and intercourse within the territory of India.
    • Article 301 – states the freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
    • Article 302 – deals with the power of parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
  • Part 14 (article 308 to 323) – deals with UPSC and Public Service Commissions.
    • Article 312 – states about the all India services.
    • Article 315 – states about the UPSC.
  • Part 14 (A) (article 323 (A) and 323 (B)) – deals with setting up of tribunals.
  • Part 15 (article 324 to 329 (A)) – deals with the election.
    • Article 329 – states about the election commission.
  • Part 16 (article 330 to 342) – deals with the provisions for quota of seats in parliament for SCs, STs and Anglo-Indians.
  • Part 17 (article 343 to 351) – deals with the official languages, promotion of Hindi as well as mother tongues at least in primary education.
  • Part 18 (article 352 to 360) – it deals with the emergency provisions.
    • Article 352 – proclamation of emergency.
    • Article 353 – effect of proclamation of emergency.
    • Article 354 – distribution of revenue during emergency.
    • Article 355 – duty of union to protect state.
    • Article 356 – provision of emergency if there is failure of constitutional machinery in state.
    • Article 357 – exercise of legislative powers under Article 356.
    • Article 358 – suspension of Article 19 (six fundamental freedoms) during emergency.
    • Article 359 – suspension of enforcement of the rights conferred by Part 3 during emergency.
    • Article 360 – provisions of financial emergency (but has never resorted till date).
  • Part 19 (article 361 to 367) –
  • Part 20 (article 368) – deals with constitutional amendments.
  • Part 21 (article 369 to 392) – consists of the special provisions.
    • Article 369 – it gives power to parliament to make law for the state list.
    • Article 370 – special provisions for J&K.
    • Article 371 – special provisions for the Maharashtra and the Gujarat.
    • Article 371 (A) – special provisions for the Nagaland.
    • Article 371 (B) – special provisions for the Assam.
  • Important amendments –
    • 61st amendment, 1989 – reduces voting age from 21 to 18 years.
    • 84th amendment, 2001 – creation of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.
    • 86th amendment, 2002 – Article 21 (A) was added.
    • 108th amendment, 2008 – introduced 33% reservation for women in parliament and state legislature.
    • 110th amendment, 2009 – amended Article 243 (D), to provide reservation to women from 33% to 50% of the total seats in panchayats.
    • 166th amendment, 2011 – seeking to create the office of the Lokpal to check corruption in public offices (received assent from president on 1st Jan, 2014).
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